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Otto ((ドイツ語:Otto Wilhelm Luitpold Adalbert Waldemar von Wittelsbach); 27 April 1848 – 11 October 1916), was King of Bavaria from 1886 to 1913. However, he never actively reigned due to severe mental illness; his uncle, Luitpold, and cousin, Ludwig, served as regents. Ludwig deposed him in 1913 a day after the legislature passed a law allowing him to do so, becoming king in his own right. He was the son of Maximilian II and his wife, Marie of Prussia, and younger brother of Ludwig II. King Otto of Bavaria is not to be confused with King Otto of Greece, who was his uncle and godfather. == Childhood and youth == Prince Otto was born on 27 April 1848, two months premature, in the Munich Residenz. His parents were King Maximilian II of Bavaria and Marie of Prussia. His uncle King Otto I of Greece served as his godfather. Otto had an older brother, the Crown Prince Ludwig. They spent most of their childhood with servants and teachers at Hohenschwangau Castle. Their parents were distant and formal and had little time for them and Ludwig had a tendency to lord it over Otto. Their parents were aware that Otto and Ludwig didn't like them much, but they made no effort to win the children over. Their parents were at such a loss about what to say to Otto and Ludwig that they often ignored and even avoided them.〔Greg King, ''The Mad King: A Biography of Ludwig II of Bavaria'', p 18-21〕 Their mother did take an interest in what the brothers wore: she ordered that Ludwig should always be dressed in blue while Otto should always wear red. Their father was strict with the brothers, particularly Ludwig, the heir to the throne. Between 1853 and 1863, the brothers spent their summer holidays at the ''Royal Villa'' in Berchtesgaden, which had been specially built for their father.〔Walter Flemmer: ''Stationen eines Märchenkönigs. Orte und Landschaften König Ludwigs II..'' In: Georg Jenal, with Stephanie Haarländer (eds.): ''Gegenwart in Vergangenheit. Beiträge zur Kultur und Geschichte der Neueren und Neuesten Zeit. Festgabe für Friedrich Prinz zu seinem 65. Geburtstag'', Munich, 1993, p. 419〕〔Heinz Häfner writes, in (''Ein König wird beseitigt'' ), München, 2008, p 38: ''A court official found Otto bound and gagged by Ludwig, with Ludwig violently tugging at the rope. The official had to use force to free Otto. The King was shocked and angered by Ludwig's behaviour and demanded severe punishment. Ludwig was so embittered that he took a violent dislike of Berchtesgaden and did not return there for a long time.''〕 Otto served in the Bavarian army from 1863. He was appointed sub-lieutenant on 27 April 1863 and admitted to the Cadet Corps on 1 March 1864. On 26 May 1864, he was promoted to full lieutenant. On 10 March 1864, Otto's father died and his brother Ludwig succeeded as King of Bavaria. Between 18 June and 15 July 1864, the two brothers received state visits by the emperors of Austria and Russia. Otto was promoted to Captain on 27 April 1866 and entered active military service in the Royal Bavarian Infantry Guards. In 1868, he became a member of the Order of St. George, the house order of the House of Wittelsbach. He participated in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and as colonel in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871. His experiences on the battlefield traumatized him and caused him to suffer from depression and insomnia.〔Greg King, "The Mad King: A Biography of Ludwig II of Bavaria", p.253〕 When Wilhelm I was proclaimed German Emperor on 18 January 1871 at the Palace of Versailles, Prince Otto and his uncle Luitpold represented King Ludwig II, who refused to participate.〔Dr. Theodor Toeche-Mittler: ''Die Kaiserproklamation in Versailles am 18. Januar 1871 mit einem Verzeichniß der Festtheilnehmer, Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn'', Berlin, 1896〕〔H. Schnaebeli: ''Fotoaufnahmen der Kaiserproklamation in Versailles'', Berlin, 1871〕 Otto then criticized the celebration as ostentatious and heartless in a letter to his brother. Ludwig and Otto despised their ambitious Prussian relatives and cordially disliked their Prussian mother, so they were appalled by the creation of the new German Empire. Ludwig and Otto's hostility was no secret to the Prussian government. Otto and Ludwig were often seen together during the early years of Ludwig's reign but they became estranged over time. This was a pity because the brothers complemented each other well. Ludwig was shy and introverted and eventually became a recluse while Otto was cheerful, outgoing and extroverted until the Franco-Prussian War. In 1868, Otto received the Royal Order of Saint George for the Defense of the Immaculate Conception, the house order of the House of Wittelsbach. In 1869, he joined the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, on the initiative of Cardinal Karl-August von Reisach.〔Hans Jürgen Brandt: ''Jerusalem hat Freunde. München und der Ritterorden vom Heiligen Grab'', EOS, 2010, p. 58 f〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Otto of Bavaria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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